| Survival Estimate | |
|---|---|
| All Grades | 10 |
| 60 or Better | 10 |
| 65 or Better | 5 |
| Numismatic Rarity | |
|---|---|
| All Grades | R-9.5 |
| 60 or Better | R-9.5 |
| 65 or Better | R-9.7 |
| Relative Rarity By Type All Specs in this Type | |
|---|---|
| All Grades | 5 / 5 |
| 60 or Better | 5 / 5 |
| 65 or Better | 5 / 5 |
| Relative Rarity By Series All Specs in this Series | |
|---|---|
| All Grades | 5 / 6 |
| 60 or Better | 5 / 6 |
| 65 or Better | 5 / 6 |
#1 PCGS MS67RB
Lincoln Seagrave. As "Uncirculated." Henry and S. Hudson Chapman, February 1903, Lot 1197 – $27.50; Allison W. Jackman; Allison W. Jackman Estate, 1917; “The Allison W. Jackman Collection,” Henry Chapman, June 1918, Lot 695 – $78; Samuel Hudson Chapman; Henry C. Hines; Dr. William H. Sheldon; R.E. “Ted” Naftzger, Jr.; “The R.E. “Ted” Naftzger, Jr. Collection,” by sale, en bloc, February 1972; Eric Streiner, by sale, en bloc, via Stack’s, February 1992; Jay Parrino. As PCGS MS67RB #2368146. Marketed by Jay Parrino in undated (early 1990s) catalog for $175,000; Goldberg Auctioneers, October 2000, Lot 1397; Superior Galleries, May 2003, Lot 365 – $92,000; Oliver Jung; “The Oliver Jung Collection,” American Numismatic Rarities, July 2004, Lot 8 – $126,500; “Oliver Jung Collection,” Heritage Auctions, August 7, 2014, Lot 5524 – $352,500; As PCGS MS67RB #32189885. D. Brent Pogue Family; “The D. Brent Pogue Collection, Part V,” Stack’s Bowers / Sotheby’s, March 31, 2017, Lot 5095 – $446,500. S-24. Die State V. |
#2 PCGS MS66RB
Discovered in Europe; Lester Merkin, March 1968, Lot 166; R.E. "Ted" Naftzger, Jr., February 23, 1992; Eric Streiner; Jay Parrino (The Mint)' "The Tom Morley Collection," Superior Galleries, January 31, 1994, Lot 780; Anthony J. Terranova; Thomas D. Reynolds and Chris McCawley; Dr. Thomas Turissini, May 2, 2014. As PCGS MS66RB #20383874. "The Collections of Walter J. Husak and The Liberty Cap Foundation," Heritage Auctions, January 4, 2024, Lot 2036 - $156,000. S-46. Die State I. |
#2 PCGS MS66RB
Discovered at an upstate New York coin show about 1959; Richard Picker; C. Douglas Smith; Louis Helfenstein. As "Gem Uncirculated." “The Louis Helfenstein Collection,” Lester Merkin, August 1964, Lot 4 – $3,000; Dr. James McCleery; "The Dr. James McCleery Collection" to Stack’s, by sale, en bloc, via Lester Merkin; Unknown Intermediaries; Kevin Lipton to Anthony Terranova; R.E. "Ted" Naftzger, Jr.; "The R.E. “Ted” Naftzger, Jr. Collection" to Eric Streiner, by sale, en bloc, via Stack’s, February 1992; Jay Parrino. As PCGS MS66RB. Bowers and Merena, January 1999, Lot 1019 – $57,500; Lawrence Stack; "The Lawrence Stack Type Set" acquired by the Pogue Family via sale, en bloc, January 2003. As PCGS MS66RB #32189848. “The D. Brent Pogue Family Collection, Part V,” Stack’s Bowers / Sotheby’s, March 31, 2017, Lot 5096 – $211,500. S-26. Subsequent to the publication of Penny Whimsy, Dr. William H. Sheldon called the pieces "unsurpassable." Cupious red remains on both sides. |
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#2 PCGS MS66RB
"The George Seavey Collection," William H. Strobridge, June 1873, Lot 221; Lorin G. Parmelee purchased the Seavey Collection intact before its public sale. As "sharp, uncirculated impression; dull red color." "The Lorin G. Parmelee Collection," New York Coins & Stamp Co., June 1890, Lot 686 – $21; J.F. Anger. As "Uncirculated. Original red lustre shading to light olive." "The John G. Mills Collection," Samuel Hudson and Henry Campman, April 1904, Lot 1238 – $36. As "Uncirculated.... Pale, reddish steel color, partly original red." "The George H. Earle., Jr. Collection," Henry Chapman, June 1912, Lot 3376 – $48; Purchased by John H. Clapp; "The John H. Clapp Collection" sold, en bloc, to Louis E. Eliasberg, Sr., via Stacks. As "MS65." “The Louis E. Eliasberg, Sr. Collection,” Bowers & Merena, May 22, 1996, Lot 492 – $34,100; Anthony Terranova; Stack’s, September 2005, Lot 473 – $120,750. As PCGS MS66RB #4464327. ‘The Madison Collection,” Heritage Auctions, January 10, 2008, Lot 2667 – $195,500; Heritage Auctions, April 2009, Lot 2034 – $126,500; Heritage Auctions, April 25, 2013, Lot 4116 – $205,625. S-26. Die State VII. |
#5 PCGS MS65+RB
William Strickland, taken to England from the United States Mint in 1794; Charles Winn (husband of Priscilla Strickland, son-in-law and cousin of William Strickland), by sale, 1834; Rowland Winn, 1st Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1874; Rowland Winn, 2nd Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1893; Rowland George Winn, 3rd Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1919; Rowland Denys Guy Winn, Major the Lord St. Oswald, M.C., by descent, 1957; “English, Foreign, and Important American Coins, the Property of Major the Lord St. Oswald, M.C.,” Christie, Manson, and Woods, Ltd., October 1964, Lot 150 – $2,100; Stack’s; Dorothy Paschal; Dr. William Sheldon; R.E. “Ted” Naftzger, Jr.; R.E. “Ted” Naftzger, Jr. Collection, by sale, en bloc, April 1972; Eric Streiner, by sale, en bloc, via Stack’s, February 23, 1992; Jay Parrino. As NGC MS66RB. Superior Stamp & Coin Company, September 1997, Lot 38 – $44,000; Dr. Allen Bennett; Walter J. Husak; “The Walter J. Husak Collection,” by sale, January 1998. As PCGS MS65RB #13457922. “The Walter J. Husak Collection,” Heritage Auctions, February 2008, Lot 2059 – $103,500. D. Brent Pogue Family. As PCGS MS65RB #32189849. “The D. Brent Pogue Family Collection, Part V”, Stack’s Bowers / Sotheby’s, March 31, 2017, Lot 5098 – $164,500; Heritage Auctions, January 4, 2024, Lot 2051 - $120,000; As PCGS MS65+RB #32189849. Steve Contursi. S-57. Die State VI. |
#6 PCGS MS65RB
William Strickland, from the United States Mint in 1794; Charles Winn (husband of Priscilla Strickland, son-in-law and cousin of William Strickland), by sale, 1834; Rowland Winn, 1st Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1874; Rowland Winn, 2nd Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1893; Rowland George Winn, 3rd Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1919; Rowland Denys Guy Winn, Major the Lord St. Oswald, M.C., by descent, 1957; “English, Foreign, and Important American Coins, the Property of Major the Lord St. Oswald, M.C.,” Christie, Manson, and Woods, Ltd., October 1964, Lot 149 – $1,400; Stack's, sold privately. As "Superb Mint State 65." "The Frank H. Masters, Jr. Collection of Large Cents," Rarcoa, May 14, 1971, Lot 65; R.E. "Ted" Naftzger, Jr., February 23, 1992; Eric Streiner; Jay Parrino (The Mint); "The Tom Morley Collection," Superior, January 31, 1994, Lot 782; Anthony J. Terranova; Thomas D. Reynolds and Chris McCawley; Dr. Thomas Turissini, 2009; The Liberty Cap Foundation; "The Collections of Walter J. Husak and The Liberty Cap Foundation," Heritage Auctions, January 4, 2024, Lot 2043 - $150,000. S-49. Die State I. |
#6 PCGS MS65RB
As. "Unexcelled." James G. Macallister. As "Mint State 65." "The Milton A. Holmes Collection," Stack’s, October 6, 1960, Lot 1381 - $1,700; Dorothy I. Paschal; Gordon J. Wrubel; Tom Morley, 1978; John W. Adams. As "Mint State 65." "The Marvin Taichert Collection," Stack’s, May 9, 2001, Lot 10 - $48,300; Dr. Thomas Turissini, May 4, 2013; Walter J. Husak. As PCGS MS65RB #20383876. "The Collections of Walter J. Husak and The Liberty Cap Foundation," Heritage Auctions, January 4, 2024, Lot 2055 - $93,000; Steve Contursi. S-61. Die State III. |
#6 PCGS MS65RB
William Strickland; Charles Winn (husband of Priscilla Strickland, son-in-law and cousin of William Strickland), by sale, 1834; Rowland Winn, 1st Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1874; Rowland Winn, 2nd Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1893; Rowland George Winn, 3rd Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1919; Rowland Denys Guy Winn, Major the Lord St. Oswald, M.C., by descent, 1957; “English, Foreign, and Important American Coins, the Property of Major the Lord St. Oswald, M.C.,” Christie, Manson, and Woods, Ltd., October 1964, Lot 147 – $2,800; Harold Van Colle; Dorothy Paschal; Dr. William H. Sheldon; R.E. “Ted” Naftzger, Jr.; “The R.E. “Ted” Naftzger, Jr. Collection,” by sale, en bloc, April 1972; Eric Streiner, by sale, en bloc, via Stack’s, February 1992; Dr. Allen Bennett, by sale; Walter J. Husak, by sale, 2001; “The Walter J. Husak Collection,” Heritage Auctions, February 2008, Lot 2047 – $149,500; Chris Victor-McCawley; Daniel W. Holmes, Jr., by sale, May 2008; “The Dan Holmes Collection,” Goldberg Auctioneers, September 2009, Lot 74; The D. Brent Pogue Family. As PCGS MS65RB #32189852. “The D. Brent Pogue Family Collection,” Stack’s Bowers / Sotheby’s, March 31, 2017, Lot 5097 – $152,750; Terry S. Denman. S-45. |
#9 PCGS MS64+RB
William Strickland; Charles Winn (husband of Priscilla Strickland, son-in-law and cousin of William Strickland), by sale, 1834; Rowland Winn, 1st Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1874; Rowland Winn, 2nd Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1893; Rowland George Winn, 3rd Baron St. Oswald of Nostell, by descent, 1919; Rowland Denys Guy Winn, Major the Lord St. Oswald, M.C., by descent, 1957; “English, Foreign, and Important American Coins, the Property of Major the Lord St. Oswald, M.C.,” Christie, Manson, and Woods, Ltd., October 1964, Lot 148; Stack's; Unknown Intermediaries; Anthony J. Terranova, December 1964; R.E. "Ted" Naftzger, Jr., February 23, 1992; Eric Streiner; Anthony J. Terranova; Dr. Thomas Turissini, August 2008. As PCGS MS64+RB #26092869. "The Collections of Walter J. Husak and The Liberty Cap Foundation," Heritage Auctions, January 4, 2024, Lot 2040 - $108,000. S-46. Die State IV. |
#10 PCGS MS64RB
As "Fine to Very Fine, a light brown" Thomas Elder, October 13, 1910, Lot 46 - $20.50; As "Uncirculated, Bright." "The Henry C. Miller Collection," Thomas L. Elder, April 1917, Lot 696 - $115; "The Dr. George P. French Collection," B. Max Mehl, 1929 Fixed Price List, Lot 73; T. James Clarke, May 1955; "The R.E. "Ted" Naftzger, Jr. Collection," Goldberg Auctioneers, September 2008, Lot 169. As PCGS MS64RD #11483668. "The Dan Holmes Collection," Goldberg Auctioneers, September 2009, Lot 101 - $172,500; "The Adam Mervis Large Cent Collection," Heritage Auctions, January 10, 2014, Lot 2503 - $381.875; Mike Chipman. S-64. Die State III. |
The Liberty Cap Cent debuted at the end of 1793 and is the work of Robert Scot, who was appointed Chief Engraver of the United States Mint on November 23 of that year. Scot’s production process represented a significant advancement over the labor-intensive hand-engraving method used for the Chain and Wreath Cents. Rather than cutting each die individually by hand, Scot utilized a master hub to transfer the central image (Liberty’s portrait, her hair, the pileus (Liberty cap), and the pole) to the working dies. This same master image was also utilized for the Half Cents of the period. Minor variations in hair or cap detail between specific varieties typically resulted from the engraver hand-retouching the dies after the hubbing process.
Because this early hubbing process often produced imperfect image transfers, the engraver was required to finish each die by hand. This manual touch, combined with the hand-punching of dates and lettering, bestowed a unique character upon every die. Consequently, identifying early U.S. die varieties is often possible with the naked eye, whereas modern, machine-made varieties typically require high magnification to discern.
For the 1794-dated cents, three distinct head styles were employed:
While the Head of 1794 represents the largest number of varieties and extant survivors, several specific die marriages within this group remain exceedingly rare.
Pursuing a complete variety collection of 1794 Large Cents is among the most challenging endeavors for any devotee of early United States copper. Recently, prominent collectors Walter J. Husak and Al Boka championed this pursuit. The finest specimens of each variety have been intensely studied for decades, with many pedigrees tracing back to the late 19th century. Most notable are the well-preserved Mint State examples from the Lord St. Oswald Collection; these were purportedly acquired directly from the Mint in 1794 and remained in the family’s English estate until their landmark auction dispersal in 1964.
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